Grammar Unit 4

Unit 4:

We use reported speech to report what another person has said, without quoting their exact words.

Reported statements: tense changes

When we convert direct speech into reported speech, we change the tense of the main verb by putting it one step further into the past.

Direct Speech:

-Present simple (I go)

-Present continuous (I’m going)

-Present perfect simple (I have gone)

-Past simple (I went)

-Will (I will go)

-Can (I can go)

-Must (I must go)

 

Reported speech:

-Past simple (I went)

-Past continuous (I was going)

-Past perfect simple (I had gone)

-Past perfect simple (I had gone)

-Would (I would go)

-Could (I could go)

-Had to (I had to go) 

 

Reported statements: other changes

- Most modal verbs do not change.

- Pronouns usually change.

- Expressions of time and place usually change:

DIRECT SPEECH -Here -This -These -Now -Next week -Today -Tonight -Tomorrow -Yesterday -Last week

REPORTED SPEECH -There -That -Those -Then -The following week -That day -That night -The following day -The day before -The week before

 

 

Grammar Unit 3

Unit 3:

Complex Causes:

A complex cause gives us extra information about a sentence.
- Contrast: Linkers include: although, though, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that
- Purpose: Linkers include: so (that)
- Reason: Linker include: because, as, since
- Result: Linkers include: so... that, such... that

Linkers of contrast:

 - Although / though + clause. Although and though have the same meaning, but though is more common in informal English.
- Despite the fact that / in spite of the fact that + clause.
- Despite / in spite of + noun / pronoun or gerund.

Linkers of purpose and reason:

- To / in order (not) to / so as (not) to + infinitive. The all have the same meaning, but you can't use to in the negative. In order (not) to and so as not to are common in more formal English.
- So that / so + clause. These have the same meaning. We often omit the word that in informal or spoken English. We often use these linkers with can / can't / could / will/ won't /wouldn't.
- As / because / since + clause
- Because of + noun / noun phrase.

Linkers of result

- So + adjective + that clause
- So + adverb + that clause
- Such + a (n) + adjective + singular noun + that clause
- Such + adjective + uncountable noun + that clause

Vocabulary

Unit 0:

Might - Podría
Pretty tired - Molt cansat
Although - Aunque
In fact - De fet
Waves - Olas
Rarely- En rara ocasió

However - Sin embargo
Already make - Ja que


Applied for -
Thought -
Lucky - Sort
By the time - Per el moment

Unit 1:

Blank -
Unkind - Cruel
Gained - Adquirida
Ahead - Per devant
Foreign -
Bully -

There's a still in the street outside your window - Hay calma en la calle fuera de tu ventana
You're keeping secrets on your pillow - Sigues manteniendo secretos en tu almohada
Let me inside no cause for alarm - Dejame entrar no hay causa para alarmarse
I promise tonight I won't do no harm - He prometido esta noche No haré daño
Yeah I promise ya babe, I won't do you no harm - Yeah lo he prometido babe, No haré daño

And we're caught up in the crossfire - I aquí estamos atrapados en el fuego
Of heaven and hell - En el cielo y el infierno
And we're searchin’ for shelter - Y estamos buscando ..?
Lay your body down - Deja tu cuerpo boca abajo
Lay your body down
Lay your body down


Watching your dress as you turn down the lights - Mirando tu vestido como baja las luces
I forget all about the storm outside - He olvidado todo acerca de la tormenta de fuera
Dark clouds roll their way over town - Nubes oscuras siguen su camino encima de la ciudad
Heart-ache and pain came-ah pouring down - Dolor de corazón y sufrimiento ..?
Like hail, sleet and rain, yeah, they're handing it out - Como granizo, agua nieve, estan ..?

We're caught up in the crossfire
Of heaven and hell
And we're searchin’ for shelter
Lay your body down
Lay your body down
Lay your body down

Lay your body down
Lay your body down
Lay your body down

Tell the devil that he can go back from where he came - Dile al diablo que puede volver por donde ha venido
His fiery arrows drew their bead in vain -
And when the hardest part is over we'll be here - Y cuando la parte mas dificil se acave estaremos aquí
And our dreams will break - Y nuestros sueños romperan
The boundaries of our fear - Los límites de nuestros miedos
The boundaries of our fear

Lay your body down
Lay your body down
Lay your body down

Lay your body down
Lay your body down
Lay your body down

Next to mine

Brandon Flowers - Crossfire

Advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad

Advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad

If I studied abroad, I would have a lot of advantages and disadvantages, and in this text I would try to write something about this.

Some advantages of studying abroad are that I can study in a new center, and this means I will meet new people, new friends, new teachers ...

Another advantage is that I will live in a new country, and this supposes a lot of new things... buildings, places, people...

This is a little summary of advantages and now I  am trying to name the disadvantages. The worst thing is saying goodbye to the people that you love, leave them behind ... it is very hard to do.

In brief, studying abroad has advantages and disadvantages, but any option that you try will be good.

Green Day - Basket Case (Video Version)